12 February 2016

The NHS could save £8.2 million a year on dental treatments - the equivalent to 364,000 dental check-ups¹ - if all 12-year-olds across the UK chewed sugarfree gum after eating or drinking,² thanks to the role it plays in helping to prevent tooth decay.

Tooth decay is preventable but treating it is an increasing burden on the NHS and family finances. The latest Government figures show that young people in the UK experience unacceptably high levels of tooth decay and that it can have a real impact on their self-esteem as well as their health,  with 35 per cent of 12 year olds reporting being embarrassed to smile or laugh due to the condition of their teeth ³.

New health economic research published in the British Dental Journal demonstrates that the NHS could save up to £2.8m on dental treatments per year¹ if all 12-year-olds across the UK were to chew one additional piece of sugarfree gum per day. This cost saving raises to a potential £3.3m if two pieces of sugarfree gum were to be chewed per day¹ by all 12-year-olds and to £8.2m for three pieces.¹ This research is the first of its kind in the UK and was conducted by York Health Economics Consortium and Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, with support from The Wrigley Company Ltd.

Sugarfree gum could be an easy and effective addition to families' oral health routines. The British Dental Health Foundation recommends that, while brushing for two minutes, twice a day is still the best way to keep teeth clean and healthy, for children over the age of seven, chewing sugar-free gum during the day can be effective in neutralising harmful plaque acids and reducing the risk of decay⁴.

Chewing sugarfree gum after eating and drinking increases the production of saliva, which helps to wash away food particles and neutralise harmful plaque acids which, over time, can weaken teeth and lead to tooth decay.^5,6,7,8 It also promotes the remineralisation of tooth enamel. The important role of sugar-free gum in oral care is widely recognised and accepted by experts, dental associations and regulatory authorities around the world. The European Commission (EC) has approved five oral health claims for sugar-free chewing gum,⁹ one of the few food categories to gain such recognition. The oral care benefits of chewing sugar-free gum are also recognised by the World Dental Federation (FDI),¹⁰ and endorsed by the British Dental Health Foundation.¹¹

Professor Liz Kay of Peninsula Dental School, (Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry) and co-author of the study says: "The findings of this study are hugely exciting as they reveal a new and easy way of helping people improve their oral health. Crucially, whilst these figures are significant, they refer only to cost reductions for treating 12-year-olds in the UK; if this model was to be applied to the whole population then there is a real potential to create substantial NHS savings. Clinical evidence has already proved that sugarfree gum can help prevent caries and now we can also see a clear financial advantage."

Dr Mike Dodds, Lead Oral Health Scientist at Wrigley comments: "This study demonstrates the role that sugarfree gum can play in preventing dental decay. Wrigley is committed to supporting people across the UK to improve their oral health through the simple step of chewing sugarfree gum after eating and drinking, especially while they're on the go."

The cost of dental disease in the UK

Each week, more than 1 million patients in the UK use NHS dental services - many of them seeking treatment for dental disease, the consequences of which costs the NHS a huge £3.4bn a year.¹² A 2013 study showed that 34% of 12-year-olds surveyed in the UK had obvious decay in their permanent teeth,¹³ while other studies have demonstrated that poor oral health as a child or adolescent can lead to poor oral health as an adult,¹⁴ creating a potentially vast NHS cost throughout the patient's lifetime, through the replacement of fillings and the implantation of crowns, bridges and prosthetics.  A recent survey of hygienists and dentists found that they are most anxious about the state of their paediatric patients' oral health, with hygienists noting that teens were the second group of concern, making these age groups key targets for interventions.¹⁵

In the UK, official oral care guidance has rarely explicitly mentioned sugarfree gum. However the evidence described above suggests that the potential benefits of including sugarfree gum in preventative oral health advice should be considered. With the NHS facing a huge funding gap, new solutions - such as sugarfree chewing gum - need to be considered to help tackle the totally preventable problem of tooth decay.

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References

1. 1 Unit of dental activity = £22.50. 8200,000 / 22.50 = 364,000
2. Oral Health Promotion: The Economic Benefits of Sugarfree Gum in the UK. York Health Economic Consortium. 2015
3. Child Dental Health Survey 2013, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Health & Social Care Information Centre. March 2015, found that 34 per cent of 12 year olds had "obvious decay experience" in their permanent teeth and that 35 per cent of 12 year olds reported being embarrassed to smile or laugh due to the condition of their teeth." Available at: http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB17137 
4. British Dental Health Foundation, Sugar free gum. Available at: https://www.dentalhealth.org/tell-me-about/topic/caring-for-teeth/sugar-free-chewing-gum
5. Alcantara E, Leveille G, McMahon K, Zibell S. Benefits of Chewing Gum: Oral Health and Beyond. Nutrition Today, Volume 43, Number 2, March/April 2008
6. Leach SA, et al. Remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions in human enamel in situ by chewing sorbitol gum. J Dent Res 1989;68:1064-8
7. Creanor SL, et al. The effect of chewing gum use on in situ enamel lesion remineralization. J Dent Res. 1992;71:1895-900
8. Beiswanger BB, et al. The effect of chewing sugar-free gum after meals on clinical caries incidence. J Am Dent Assoc. 1998;129:1623-6
9. European Commission. EU Register on nutrition and health claims. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/nuhclaims/?event=search&CFID=1390861&CFTOKEN=61ead93e41b19f51-F6B389AF-DB73-8E93-65F4577E314DC564&jsessionid=9212d52c3ffadefc5dba5455205c57687a3bTR Last accessed April 2015.
10. Oral Health Worldwide. Last accessed: November 2015. Available at: http://www.worldoralhealthday.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/FDIWhitePaper_OralHealthWorldwide.pdf
11. Caring for teeth - chewing sugar-free gum. Last accessed: November 2015. Available at:  https://www.dentalhealth.org/tell-me-about/topic/caring-for-teeth/sugar-free-chewing-gum
12. NHS England. Improving Dental Care - A Call to Action. Available at: http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/imp-dent-care.pdf. Last accessed October 2015.
13. Child Dental Health Survey 2013, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Health & Social Care Information Centre. Last Accessed: November 20154. Available at: http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB17137
14. The state of children's oral health in England. January 2015. Last accessed: November 2015. Available at: https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/fds/policy/documents/fds-report-on-the-state-of-childrens-oral-health