Most people know smoking is harmful to the mouth. It can stain teeth, cause gum disease, lead to tooth loss and is a major cause of mouth cancer.

Vaping is often promoted as a safer alternative to smoking. While it is likely to be less harmful than smoking tobacco, it is not risk-free – especially for the mouth.

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What is vaping meant for?

E-cigarettes were developed to help people who smoke to cut down and ideally stop smoking completely.

Research shows vaping is less harmful than smoking, but the long-term effects are still not fully known.

Key message:

• If you do not smoke, do not start vaping.
• If you smoke, vaping may help you quit – but the goal should be to stop using nicotine altogether.

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How vaping affects your mouth

Vaping exposes the mouth to nicotine and hot vapour. This can affect teeth, gums and saliva.

Gum disease

Vaping may increase the risk of gum disease. Nicotine can:

• Reduce blood flow to the gums.
• Slow healing.
• Hide early warning signs such as bleeding.

This can mean gum disease develops without obvious symptoms.

Tooth decay (cavities)

Tooth decay happens when bacteria in plaque use sugars to produce acid that damages enamel.

Some vape liquids are sweet or contain ingredients that can contribute to this risk.

Vaping can also dry the mouth. Less saliva means:

• Less protection against acid.
• Higher risk of decay.

A dry mouth also increases the chance of mouth infections and bad breath.

Tooth staining

Vaping does not contain tar, which is the main cause of heavy staining from cigarettes.

However, nicotine can still cause some yellowing over time. Research is still ongoing.

Tooth grinding and jaw problems

Nicotine is a stimulant and may increase tooth grinding or clenching. This can lead to:

• Worn teeth.
• Cracks or chips.
• Jaw pain or headaches.

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How to protect your mouth

If you vape:

• Keep your teeth and gums very clean.
• Brush last thing at night and at one other time during the day with a fluoride toothpaste.
• Clean between your teeth daily.
• Drink water to help with dry mouth.
• Visit your dentist regularly.

If you want to stop smoking or vaping, your dentist, doctor or pharmacist can help you find support.

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Summary

Vaping is likely to be less harmful than smoking, but it still carries risks for your mouth. Healthy gums and teeth depend on good daily care and avoiding nicotine wherever possible.