Lichen planus is a long-term condition. It can affect the mouth and sometimes other parts of the body. 

Oral lichen planus is more common in adults, especially women.

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What does it look like?

The most common sign is:

• White patches inside the mouth, often on the inside of the cheeks.
• It can also appear on the tongue and gums.

It is not always painful. But sometimes you may also have:

• Red areas.
• Sore patches.
• Mouth ulcers.

If your mouth is sore, certain foods can make it worse, such as:

• Citrus fruits.
• Tomatoes.
• Hot or spicy foods.

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What causes lichen planus?

The exact cause is often unclear.

It may be linked to:

• Changes in the immune system.
• Stress.
• A reaction to some medicines, including:
• Some painkillers.
• Medicines for diabetes.
• Medicines for high blood pressure.
• Beta-blockers.

Lichen planus is not an infection.

It does not spread from person to person.

It does not usually run in families.

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Does it go away?

Lichen planus is usually a long-term condition.

Treatment cannot cure it, but it can help control symptoms. Your dentist or doctor may suggest:

• Steroid gels or creams for the mouth.
• Medicines that calm the immune system.

You can also help by avoiding foods and drinks that make your mouth sore.

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Are there any long-term risks?

There may be a small link between oral lichen planus and mouth cancer.

Only a small number of people with long-term lichen planus develop mouth cancer. Your dentist will keep an eye on any changes.

If needed, you may be referred for a biopsy. This is a simple test where:

• The area is numbed first.
• A small piece of tissue is removed.
• The tissue is checked in a laboratory.

Regular dental check-ups are important so any changes can be spotted early.

If you notice new patches, ongoing soreness, or changes in your mouth, see your dental team.